15^th Euro-Global Gastroenterology Conference June 24-25, 2020 Rome, Italy

Biography:

Prema Robinson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and an Employee health in The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA, 05/2015 – present.

Abstract:

Background & Aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of unclear etiology that cause substantial morbidity and predispose to colorectal-cancer (CRC). There are two isoforms of STAT3-a and β; STAT3a is pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic, while STAT3β has opposing-effects on STAT3a. We determined the contribution of STAT3 to UC and CD pathogenesis by comparing disease severity caused by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS; UC model) or 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS; CD model) in mice expressing only STAT3a (D^β/<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-US">D^β) and in wild-type (WT) mice treated with TTI-101, a small-molecule inhibitor of both isoforms of STAT3.

 

Methods: Seven days following administration of DSS in drinking water or two days following a single intra-rectal administration of TNBS, D^β/D^β mice, cage-control (+/+) mice and WT mice given TTI-101 or vehicle were examined for IBD manifestations; their colons were evaluated for apoptosis of CD4⁺ T cells, levels of STAT3 activation, IL-17A protein expression and transcriptome alternations.

 

Results: IBD manifestations were increased in D^β/D^β transgenic vs. cage-control WT mice and were accompanied by decreased apoptosis of colonic CD4⁺ T cells. Complementing and extending these results, TTI-101 treatment of WT mice prevented IBD, markedly increased apoptosis of colonic CD4⁺ T cells, reduced colon levels of IL17A-producing cells and down-modulated STAT3-gene targets involved in inflammation, apoptosis-resistance and colorectal-cancer metastases.

 

Conclusion: STAT3, especially in CD4⁺ T cells, contributes to the pathogenesis of UC and CD and its targeting may provide a novel approach to disease treatment

 

Biography:

Annie Shergill is an Internist practicing as a part of Teaching Faculty (Assistant Professor of Medicine) at Banner - University Medical Center, USA. She has a
keen interest in pursuing a Gastroenterology fellowship in the near future and dedicates a signifi cant amount of her time outside of teaching responsibilities on
writing review articles, focusing primarily on innovative diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in gastroenterology. She prefers to write about topics that are
upcoming but demand more attention to become a part of mainstream practices in gastroenterology.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Functional GI disorders are increasingly researched to have a strong rooted relationship with
underlying behavioral abnormalities that can be eff ectively addressed with Yoga in addition to standard medical care.
Yoga is an ancient Indian discipline that entails practices to connect mental, spiritual and physical health to stimulate one's
mind and body to become self aware and observant. Over centuries, this practice has revealed itself to off er therapeutic
eff ects on multiple organ systems by virtue of a deeper connection between mental and physical health. Numerous
gastrointestinal disorders have been discovered to have an underlying behavioral etiology. Th ese primarily include IBS
(Irritable Bowel Syndrome) (fi gure 1), FAPD (Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders) and IBD (Infl ammatory Bowel
Disease). Th is article will aim to review gastrointestinal disorders with an associated behavioral or mental preponderance
that have been studied to benefi t from the healing and therapeutic eff ects of yoga.

Recent Publications
1. Konturek P. C., Brzozowski T., Konturek S. J. Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences,
diagnostic approach and treatment options. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2011;62(6):591–599.
2. Yoshihara K, Hiramoto T, Oka T, et al., Eff ect of 12 weeks of yoga training on the somatization, psychological
symptoms, and stress-related biomarkers of healthy women. Biopsychosoc Med 2014; 8:1.
3. Goodwin RD, Cowles RA, Galea S, Jacobi F. Gastritis and mental disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:128.
Yoga Th erapy for Abdominal Pain-Related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children: A Randomized
Controlled Trial.Korterink JJ1, Ockeloen LE, Hilbink M, Benninga MA, Deckers-Kocken JM.
4. Skowronek I, Handler L, Guthmann R. Can yoga reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression? J Fam Pract 2014;
63:398–407.
5. Eff ect of Yoga-Based Intervention in Patients with Infl ammatory Bowel Disease.Sharma P1, Poojary G2,
Dwivedi SN3, Deepak KK4.

Biography:

Yury Kharitonovich Marakhouski approved as Professor of Clinical Medicine in 2005 year by the Higher Certification Commission of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus.  He is head of the Department Gastroenterology and Nutrition of the Byelorussian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and serving as a member of the editorial board of several reputed journals (predominantly in Russia and Belarus). His Current Position is Head of Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Byelorussian Medical Academy Postgraduate Education (BelMAPE).He is principal investigator on numerous clinical (18) and preclinical (6) studies and has been involved in the study of many medication including mesalazine, amino acids, anti-TNF.

Abstract:

Background:

Methods for assessing small intestine mucous membrane atrophy (SIMA) by biomarkers are described. In a number of publications has been shown the possibility citrulline concentration in the blood using as a biomarker of SIMA. But, the disadvantages such methods is a variation in establishing the lower cut-off value of the citrulline concentration  in blood, which affected on the degree accuracy for assessing the presence or absence of SIMA.

Aim:

To increase the accuracy for recognition SIMA by the citrulline concentration in blood as the biomarker of enterocytes mass and additionally use a biomarker of intestinal mucosa mucins mass. Material and methods. This study consists of several parts.

Stage 1: Citrulline, threonine and other amino acids concentration was detected in the blood of healthy individuals (47 people) and in patients with proven atrophy (20 patients -pts, Marsh IIIA and more).

Stage 2: Check the proposed method by masking (30 pts): the specialist evaluating SIMA by the results of citrullin and threonine did not have information about the absence /presence SIMA by histology. Only after the conclusion about the state of the mucous membrane by biomarkers, all pts were examined by endoscopic with a biopsy and histological (specialists did not have information about the absence /presence SIMA by biomarkers).

 

Step 3: Evaluation of the proposed method based on ROC analysis.
 

Stage 4: Checking the occurrence of false results. In a randomized group of patients (100 pts) with intestinal diseases, the state of the small intestinal mucosa was assessed using biomarkers, and with a positive result, atrophy and high-resolution endoscopy with biopsy and histology were clarified. Data analysis and comparison was carried out using statistical processing software Statistica-6, version 6.1, series 1203d and Winpepi. Different models were used to calculate the citrulline(CI) and threonine(TI) index using the model formulas.

Results:

Positive values of CI (more than 0,1) the presence of SIMA should be determined, at lower values of CI -  no change in enterocytes’ mass can be stated;  for positive values of TI (>0,1) - reducing of the mass of mucosal mucines can be determined, at lower values of TI - no change in mass of mucins can be proven. SIMA detected with specificity – 0,89 (95% CI 0,57–0,98) and sensitivity 0,82 (95% CI 0,52–0,95). ROC analysis shown:  the area under the characteristic curve (AUC) for SIMA detected was  0,97 (95% CI = 0,87–0,99). The false-positive rate was 6.7% (95% CI = 3–28%). When CI value is more than 0,1 and TI value is more than 0,1 , the state of small intestinal mucosa can be evaluated as “definitely SIMA”; when CI more than 0,1, combined with TI less than 0,1 -  as “possible SIMA” ; with CI  value less than 0,1 and TI more than 0,1 - as “SIMA is suspected”.

Conclusion:

The presented results prove the possibility of using the proposed method for assessing the state of the mucous membrane of the small intestine by biomarkers as the citrulline (CI) and threonine (TI) index.