16^th Euro-Global Gastroenterology Conference April 26-27, 2021 London, UK

Recent biological and medical advances have clarified the mechanisms of chronic liver inflammation and succeeded in providing new therapies for various liver diseases. The aim of this issue is to summarize the current status of the basic and clinical findings in chronic liver inflammation and its complications. Such information will help develop better management programs for patients and can improve their prognosis.

The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food, and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. You may not be aware of your esophagus until you swallow something too large, too hot, or too cold. You may also notice it when something is wrong. You may feel pain or have trouble swallowing. The most common problem with the esophagus is GERD (gastro esophageal reflux disease). With GERD, a muscle at the end of your esophagus does not close properly. This allows stomach contents to leak back, or reflux, into the esophagus and irritate it. Over time, GERD can cause damage to the esophagus. Other problems include heartburn, cancer, and esophagitis. Doctors may use various tests to make a diagnosis. These include imaging tests, an upper endoscopy, and a biopsy.

Diverticular disease is the general name for a common condition that causes small bulges (diverticula) or sacs to form in the wall of the large intestine (colon). Although these sacs can form anywhere in the colon, they are most common in the sigmoid colon (part of the large intestine closest to the rectum).

Gallbladder diseases considered here include gallstones, tumors, and acute acalculous cholecystitis. Gallbladder stones are an extremely common disorder and are usually asymptomatic. Some patients experience biliary colic, an intermittent and often severe pain in the epigastrium or right upper quadrant, and at times between the scapulas because of temporary obstruction of the cystic duct with a gallstone. If the cystic duct obstruction persists, the gallbladder becomes inflamed and the patient develops cholecystitis, an acute inflammation and infection of the gallbladder.

Biliary tract diseases considered one of the most common causes of extra hepatic biliary obstruction is choledocholithiasis, with one or more stones in the common bile duct or common hepatic duct causing biliary obstruction. Cholangio carcinoma is an adenocarcinoma of the intrahepatic or extra hepatic bile duct.

Gastroenterology is the study of the normal function and diseases. It contains a complete understanding of the typical action (physiology) of the gastrointestinal organs containing the programme of material through the stomach and intestine (motility), the digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body, removal of waste from the system, and the occupation of the liver as a digestive organ. It contains common and significant disorders such as colon polyps and cancer, hepatitis, Gastroesophageal reflux (heartburn), peptic ulcer disease, colitis, gallbladder and biliary tract disease, nutritional problems, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), and pancreatitis. Increases, all common activity and disease of the digestive organs are part of the study of Gastroenterology.

Gastrointestinal oncology cancer is the most common cancer in the world. It is also called gastric cancer. It refers to malignant conditions of gastrointestinal GI Cancer is the most common form of cancer. The treatment of GI Cancer depends on the type of cancer, its stage, and expansion. There numerous types of GI cancer such as liver cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, Biliary tract cancer and various.

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a technique from side to side which the doctors can be able to lookout inside the gastrointestinal track. Gastrointestinal endoscopy can be executed either an inpatient or an outpatient setting. Through this process assess the problems of the gastrointestinal track such as ulcers, inflamed mucous, abnormal growth, bleeding in the colon. Endoscopy has various names depending on which part of the digestive system doctor seeks to inspect.

Gastrointestinal pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract and accessory organs, such as the pancreas and liver.

The main purpose of the gastrointestinal tract is the transport of food and the absorption of nutrients. Many pathologic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract impair either or both of these functions. The gastrointestinal tract, and especially the colon, is a common site of malignancy. The two main symptoms related to pathology of the gastrointestinal tract are abdominal pain and gastrointestinal haemorrhage.

The four categories of the causes of acute abdominal pain are (1) inflammation, including appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and diverticulitis; (2) perforation; (3) obstruction; and (4) vascular disease, including acute ischemia and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. The five categories of causes of chronic abdominal pain are (1) inflammation, including peptic ulcer disease, esophagitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic pancreatitis; (2) vascular disease, including chronic ischemia; (3) metabolic disease, including porphyria; (4) abdominal wall pain; and (5) functional causes, including irritable bowel syndrome. The most frequent causes of chronic abdominal pain are functional.

Pharmacotherapy is therapy using pharmaceutical drugs, as distinguished from therapy using surgery (surgical therapy), radiation (radiation therapy), movement (physical therapy), or other modes.

Gastrointestinal disorders and diseases are at an all-time high. According to various studies, 1 in 4 people is suffering from at least one of the gastrointestinal infections at any given point in time. The gastrointestinal diseases require treatment and the pharmacological treatment are divided into 2 categories- the prescription drugs and Over the Counter (OTC) drugs. Gastrointestinal drugs are prescribed based on the diagnostic results yielded during the haematological or imaging tests. The most common diagnosis is done through endoscopy. The therapies are recommended based on gastrointestinal tract disorders, gastrointestinal tract walls disorders, gastrointestinal motility disorders, gastrointestinal cancers.

Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swellings containing enlarged blood vessels that are found inside or around the bottom (the rectum and anus).In many cases, haemorrhoids do not cause symptoms, and some people do not even realise they have them. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include: bleeding after passing a stool (the blood is usually bright red), itchy bottom, a lump hanging down outside of the anus, which may need to be pushed back in after passing a stool, a mucus discharge after passing a stool soreness, redness and swelling around your anus

Hepatology is a branch of medicine concerned with the study, prevention, diagnosis, and management of diseases that affect the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas. The term hepatology is derived from the Greek words “hepatikos” and “logia,” which mean liver and study, respectively.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for two conditions (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.1 Prolonged inflammation results in damage to the GI tract. Some of the differences between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine. Signs and symptoms include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation, or both. IBS is a chronic condition that you will need to manage long term. Only a small number of people with IBS have severe signs and symptoms. Some people can control their symptoms by managing diet, lifestyle, and stress. More-severe symptoms can be treated with medication and counselling. IBS does not cause changes in bowel tissue or increase your risk of colorectal cancer.

In many complex diseases it is observed that commensal Microbiota composition is altered. Here are just some of the health conditions that involve our microbes. Our new understanding may lead to more focused and effective treatments. Unlike modern antibiotics, which kill good microbes along with the bad, new drugs may kill only harmful bacteria while leaving the friendly ones alone. Others may nurture friendly bacteria, helping them out compete the harmful ones.

Neuro-gastroenterology encloses the study of brain, It works on "brain of the gut," which is a part of the nervous system and controls motility, endocrine secretions, and microcirculation of the gastrointestinal system the gut and their interactions in relevance to the consideration and management of gastrointestinal motility and functional gastro intestinal disorders. It mainly focuses on common Functional Gastrointestinal disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Heartburn, Abdominal Pain, Peptic Ulcer and Gallstone Pancreatitis which manages the gastrointestinal motility and Functional GIT disorders.

Symptoms may include abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhoea, and jaundice. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Gallbladder cancer is a relatively uncommon cancer. If it is diagnosed early enough, it can be cured by removing the gallbladder, part of the liver and associated lymph nodes. Most often it is found after symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice and vomiting occur, and it has spread to other organs such as the liver.